Instructional Design Defined

Instructional design or instructional systems design can be defined as a combination of learning theories used to develop instruction using various media resources. Some think that instructional design is composed mainly of how technology is used for instruction. This is not the case. Instructional design can include these elements, but it incorporates more than just technology. Instructional design is the method used to create instruction, not the techology used to create the design.

There are five important learning theories that need to be considered when developing instruction. The theories build upon each other and a combination of theories are used to optimize student learning and retention. The five theories are: Robert Gagne's Nine Steps of Instruction, John Keller's ARCS Model of Motivational Design, Merrill's Component Display Theory, Reigeluth's Elaboration Theory, Constructivism.